What does a 'fermata' symbol indicate?

A 'fermata' symbol indicates that a note or a rest should be held longer than its normal duration. This is typically at the discretion of the performer or conductor, allowing for a moment of pause and emphasis, adding expressiveness to the music. The 'fermata' appears as a dot with a semicircle above or below the note or rest. Musicians interpret this symbol to create a dramatic effect in their performance, often extending the length significantly while also considering the context of the piece.

In practice, the duration for which a fermata is held can vary based on musical style, tempo, and personal interpretation, which enhances the expressiveness of the performance. This understanding is crucial for performing a piece accurately and conveying the intended emotion or message.