What does a ‘crescendo’ indicate in music?

A crescendo is an important dynamic marking in music that signifies a gradual increase in volume. This directive informs musicians to progressively play louder over a specified duration, enhancing the musical expression and adding intensity to a piece. Crescendos are often used to build excitement or to lead into a climactic point in the music, making it a vital tool for conveying emotion and drama.

In contrast, the other options describe different musical terms or concepts. A gradual decrease in volume is indicated by a 'decrescendo' or 'diminuendo.' A sudden loud passage is typically represented by a forte marking, and an emphasis on a note is often shown through the use of accents or tenuto markings. Understanding these terms helps musicians interpret and convey the intended dynamics and emotions in a performance effectively.