In music, what does the term 'tempo' refer to?

The term 'tempo' specifically refers to the speed at which a piece of music is played. It indicates how fast or slow the music should be performed, typically measured in beats per minute (BPM). Tempo can significantly affect the mood and energy of a piece, influencing how the music is perceived by the listener. For example, a faster tempo may convey excitement or urgency, while a slower tempo might express calmness or solemnity.

Understanding tempo is essential for musicians, as it helps them align their performances with the composer’s intentions and creates a cohesive musical experience.